ARM学习（15）Makefile编译以及CortexM4命令行STLINK 烧录

ZhangYixi • 2023年4月26日 pm10:48 • ARM理解

笔者来聊聊Makefile编译以及CortexM4命令行STLINK 烧录

1、简单Makefile编译STM32工程

先放一个笔者的makefile工程，笔者之前介绍过一个makefile语法，不过比较简单。

# ###########################################################
# File  : makfile for project compiler
# Author: guoqing.zhang
# date  : 2022/11/20
###########################################################

# Target
TARGET = AdvancedClock
DEBUG = -O2

# directoty for compiler object file
BUILD_OBJ_DIR  :=obj
BUILD_DEP_DIR  :=dep
OUT_DIR    :=out

# directoty for compiler source file
CORE       := ../Core
DRIVER     := ../Driver
SOURCECODE := ../SourceCode

# source file path
C_SOURCE = \
$(wildcard $(CORE)/*.c)                 \
$(wildcard $(DRIVER)/src/misc.c)            \
$(wildcard $(DRIVER)/src/stm32f4xx_adc.c)           \
$(wildcard $(DRIVER)/src/stm32f4xx_dac.c)           \
$(wildcard $(DRIVER)/src/stm32f4xx_dma.c)           \
$(wildcard $(DRIVER)/src/stm32f4xx_dma2d.c)         \
$(wildcard $(DRIVER)/src/stm32f4xx_exti.c)          \
$(wildcard $(DRIVER)/src/stm32f4xx_flash.c)         \
$(wildcard $(DRIVER)/src/stm32f4xx_gpio.c)          \
$(wildcard $(DRIVER)/src/stm32f4xx_iwdg.c)          \
$(wildcard $(DRIVER)/src/stm32f4xx_pwr.c)           \
$(wildcard $(DRIVER)/src/stm32f4xx_rcc.c)           \
$(wildcard $(DRIVER)/src/stm32f4xx_rtc.c)           \
$(wildcard $(DRIVER)/src/stm32f4xx_spi.c)           \
$(wildcard $(DRIVER)/src/stm32f4xx_syscfg.c)        \
$(wildcard $(DRIVER)/src/stm32f4xx_tim.c)           \
$(wildcard $(DRIVER)/src/stm32f4xx_usart.c)         \
$(wildcard $(DRIVER)/src/stm32f4xx_wwdg.c)          \
$(wildcard $(SOURCECODE)/*.c)           \
$(wildcard $(SOURCECODE)/bluetooth/*.c) \
$(wildcard $(SOURCECODE)/cJson/*.c)     \
$(wildcard $(SOURCECODE)/common/*.c)    \
$(wildcard $(SOURCECODE)/ht_sensor/*.c)  \
$(wildcard $(SOURCECODE)/key/*.c)       \
$(wildcard $(SOURCECODE)/led/*.c)       \
$(wildcard $(SOURCECODE)/msg_deal/*.c)  \
$(wildcard $(SOURCECODE)/nrf24l01/*.c)  \
$(wildcard $(SOURCECODE)/oled/*.c)      \
$(wildcard $(SOURCECODE)/queue/*.c)     \
$(wildcard $(SOURCECODE)/rtc/*.c)       \
$(wildcard $(SOURCECODE)/timer/*.c)     \
$(wildcard $(SOURCECODE)/uart/*.c)      \
$(wildcard $(SOURCECODE)/wdg/*.c)       \
$(wildcard $(SOURCECODE)/wifi/*.c)      \
$(wildcard $(SOURCECODE)/show/*.c)      

# asm source file path
ASM_SOURCE = \
$(wildcard $(CORE)/startup_stm32f40_41xxx.s)  

# inlcude file path
C_INCLUDE  =                            \
-I$(CORE)/                              \
-I$(DRIVER)/inc/                        \
-I$(SOURCECODE)/                        \
-I$(SOURCECODE)/bluetooth/              \
-I$(SOURCECODE)/cJson/                  \
-I$(SOURCECODE)/common/                 \
-I$(SOURCECODE)/key/                    \
-I$(SOURCECODE)/ht_sensor/              \
-I$(SOURCECODE)/led/                    \
-I$(SOURCECODE)/msg_deal/               \
-I$(SOURCECODE)/nrf24l01/               \
-I$(SOURCECODE)/oled/                   \
-I$(SOURCECODE)/queue/                  \
-I$(SOURCECODE)/radio/                  \
-I$(SOURCECODE)/rtc/                    \
-I$(SOURCECODE)/timer/                  \
-I$(SOURCECODE)/uart/                   \
-I$(SOURCECODE)/wdg/                    \
-I$(SOURCECODE)/wifi/                   \
-I$(SOURCECODE)/show/                   \

# compiler exe 
CC_EXEC := armcc.exe 
AR_EXEC := armar.exe
ASM_EXEC := armasm.exe
LINK_EXEC := armlink.exe
FROMELF_EXEC := fromelf.exe
DOWNLOAD_EXEC := ST-LINK_CLI.exe

RM   := rm -rf 
ECHO := echo

CMN_CFLAGS = --C99 -c --cpu Cortex-M4.fp.sp -g --apcs=interwork --split_sections \
$(DEBUG) $(C_INCLUDE)  \
--diag_suppress=1295,111,1293,167,513,177 \
-ID:/Software/Keil/pack/Keil/STM32F4xx_DFP/2.13.0/Drivers/CMSIS/Device/ST/STM32F4xx/Include \
-D__UVISION_VERSION="537"    \
-DSTM32F405xx \
-DSTM32F40_41xxx \
-DUSE_STDPERIPH_DRIVER \

CMN_AFLAGS = --cpu Cortex-M4.fp.sp -g --apcs=interwork \
-I D:\Software\Keil\pack\Keil\STM32F4xx_DFP\2.13.0\Drivers\CMSIS\Device\ST\STM32F4xx\Include \
--pd "__UVISION_VERSION SETA 537" --pd "STM32F405xx SETA 1" \

LINK_SCRIPT := AdvanceClock.sct
CMN_LFLAGS = --cpu Cortex-M4.fp.sp \
--strict --scatter $(LINK_SCRIPT)

# compiler objects
OBJECTS  = $(addprefix $(BUILD_OBJ_DIR)/,$(notdir $(C_SOURCE:.c=.o)))
vpath %.c $(sort $(dir $(C_SOURCE)))

OBJECTS  += $(addprefix $(BUILD_OBJ_DIR)/,$(notdir $(ASM_SOURCE:.s=.o)))
vpath %.s $(sort $(dir $(ASM_SOURCE)))

$(OUT_DIR)/$(TARGET).axf: $(OBJECTS) 
    @$(ECHO) Link $@ ...
    @$(LINK_EXEC) $(OBJECTS) $(CMN_LFLAGS) -o $@ --map --info totals --list_mapping_symbols --list=$(OUT_DIR)/$(TARGET).map 
    @$(FROMELF_EXEC) --bin --output $(OUT_DIR)/$(TARGET).bin $@

$(BUILD_OBJ_DIR)/%.o : %.s Makefile | $(BUILD_OBJ_DIR)
    @$(ECHO) 'Compiling' $<
    @$(ASM_EXEC)  $(CMN_AFLAGS) $< -o $@ 

# compiler process
$(BUILD_OBJ_DIR)/%.o : %.d Makefile | $(BUILD_DEP_DIR)
$(BUILD_OBJ_DIR)/%.o : %.c Makefile | $(BUILD_OBJ_DIR)
    @$(ECHO)  'Compiling' $<
    @$(CC_EXEC) -c  $(CMN_CFLAGS) $< -o $@ 

$(BUILD_DEP_DIR)/%.d : OBJ_BNAME=$(basename $(notdir $@)) 
$(BUILD_DEP_DIR)/%.d : %.c Makefile | $(BUILD_DEP_DIR)
    $(CC_EXEC) -M   $(CMN_CFLAGS) $< -o $(BUILD_OBJ_DIR)/$(OBJ_BNAME).o > $@
    $(CC_EXEC) -c   $(CMN_CFLAGS) $< -o $(BUILD_OBJ_DIR)/$(OBJ_BNAME).o

$(OUT_DIR):
    mkdir $@

$(BUILD_OBJ_DIR):
    mkdir $@

$(BUILD_DEP_DIR):
    mkdir $@

# dwonload 
flash:
    $(DOWNLOAD_EXEC) -c -SE 0 4  -V "while_programming" -P $(OUT_DIR)/$(TARGET).bin 0x08000000
    $(DOWNLOAD_EXEC) -Rst

# clean 
clean:
    $(RM) obj/*
    $(RM) out/*

1.1 makefile 变量

简单接着上面的makefile，看一下变量的定义，变量的引用需要加$符号，建议加()或者{}

= 为常见的变量赋值，左侧是变量，右边是变量的值，值得说的是:右侧变量的值可以是后面定义的值。

# makfile_test.mak 
Target = $(Target_def)
Target_def  = AdvancedClock
all:
@echo $(Target)
13952@DESKTOP-91JBMMS MINGW64 /d/Workspace/DesignProject/AdvancedClock/Advanced-Clock/Advanced Clock Project/Advanced Clock1027/Advanced Clock Project/build (feature/code-clear)
$ make -f makfile_test.mak 
AdvancedClock

但是其也有一个不好的地方，假如两个变量互相赋值，则会造成make编译比较慢，但幸好的是make可以检测这样的错误

# makfile_test.mak 
Target = $(Target_def)
Target_def  = AdvancedClock
Dependency = $(Module) 
Module = $(Dependency)
all:
@echo $(Target)
@echo $(Module)
$ make -f makfile_test.mak 
makfile_test.mak:8: *** Recursive variable `Module' references itself (eventually).  Stop.

上面那种错误就可以:= 解决。

:=，其赋值只是是前面定义好的值，如果没有定义，那么该值就是空，相当于没有赋值。

Target = $(Target_def)
Target_def  = AdvancedClock
Dependency := $(Module) 
Module := $(Dependency)
all:
@echo $(Target)
@echo $(Module)
$ make -f makfile_test.mak 
AdvancedClock

?= 如果该变量没有赋值，就赋值成右值，否则，就不赋值

Target = $(Target_def)
Target_def  = AdvancedClock
Dependency := $(Module) 
Module := $(Dependency)
Target ?= 123456
all:
@echo $(Target)
@echo $(Module)
$ make -f makfile_test.mak 
AdvancedClock

如果变量没有定义，那么就赋值，采用=赋值，所以只要定义过，就可以被赋值


#Target = $(Target_def)
Target_def  = AdvancedClock
Dependency := $(Module)
Module := $(Dependency)
Target ?= $(Compiler)
Compiler := armcc
all:
@echo $(Target)
@echo $(Module)

$ make -f makfile_test.mak
armcc

+ += 如果之前没有被定义，就采用=赋值，如果之前是:=赋值，那么就是:+=，就是采用:=的赋值，如果之前是+=，那么之后就采用+=赋值。
Compiler 为:=赋值，+= armclang之后，继续+= 不存在的变量，结果就无法添加，说明其属性延续上面的:=
```shell
#Target = $(Target_def)
Target_def  = AdvancedClock
#$(info HOMEPATH=$(HOMEPATH))
#$(info HOMEDRIVE=$(HOMEDRIVE))
Dependency := $(Module)
Module := $(Dependency)
Target ?= $(Compiler)
Compiler := armcc
Compiler += armclang
Compiler += $(cc)
cc = gcc
all:
    @echo $(Target)
    @echo $(Module)
    @echo $(Compiler)
$ make -f makfile_test.mak 
armcc armclang
armcc armclang</code></pre>
<p>对比上面，Compiler=赋值，所以其+=之后，可以加上cc的变量的值</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">#Target = $(Target_def)
Target_def  = AdvancedClock
#$(info HOMEPATH=$(HOMEPATH))
#$(info HOMEDRIVE=$(HOMEDRIVE))
Dependency := $(Module)
Module := $(Dependency)
Target ?= $(Compiler)
Compiler = armcc
Compiler += armclang
Compiler += $(cc)
cc = gcc
all:
    @echo $(Target)
    @echo $(Module)
    @echo $(Compiler)
$ make -f makfile_test.mak
armcc armclang gcc
armcc armclang gcc</code></pre>
<p>关注DIR变量，如果其为定义，则按=处理，可以+上后面的定义的变量</p>
<pre><code class="language-shell">#Target = $(Target_def)
Target_def  = AdvancedClock
#$(info HOMEPATH=$(HOMEPATH))
#$(info HOMEDRIVE=$(HOMEDRIVE))
Dependency := $(Module)
Module := $(Dependency)
Target ?= $(Compiler)
Compiler = armcc
Compiler += armclang
Compiler += $(cc)
cc = gcc
DIR += $(C_DIR)
C_DIR = /123
all:
    @echo $(Target)
    @echo $(Module)
    @echo $(Compiler)
    @echo $(DIR)
$ make -f makfile_test.mak
armcc armclang gcc
armcc armclang gcc
D:/Software/MinGW/msys/1.0/123</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>变量的高级用法，多个变量后缀统一替换</li>
</ul>
<pre><code class="language-shell">src_file = 1.c 2.c 3.c
object = $(src_file:%.c=%.o)
all:
    @echo $(object)
$ make -f makfile_test.mak
1.o 2.o 3.o</code></pre>
<ul>
<li>变量的嵌套
<pre><code class="language-shell">A = $(B)
B = C
C = hello
D = $($(A))
all:
@echo $(D)
$ make -f makfile_test.mak
hello</code></pre></li>
<li>环境变量
<pre><code class="language-shell">
```

1.2 makefile 关键字

1.3 makefile 自动推导

2、ST-Link命令行烧录

对于ST的芯片来说，其支持ST-Link烧录（走SWD协议）同时也支持JLink，其他厂商的芯片通常都是用JLink（支持Jtag协议来烧录）。

使用命令行来进行烧录，完全就是为了自动化进行，图形界面毕竟需要自己去点，

2.1 常见的界面烧录方式

常见的烧录方式比如

keil IDE 烧录

IAR IDE 烧录
STLINK-Unity 图形界面烧录
Ozone 调试软件烧录
JFlash 去烧录

2.1 STLink CLI 命令行烧录方式

废话不多说，直接上命令行的烧录方式。

ST-LINK_CLI.exe -c -SE 0 4  -V "after_programming" -P out/AdvancedClock.bin 0x08000000

-c：连接指令，命令格式：-c [ID=<id>/SN=<sn>] [JTAG/SWD] [FREQ=<frequency>] [UR/HOTPLUG] [LPM]
- [ ] JTAG/SWD: JTAG还是SWD协议连接
- [ ] UR/HOTPLUG: 连接后复位，还是连接后程序还是正常运行（热连接）
- [ ] FREQ:通信频率
- [ ] LPM:低功耗模式
```
ST-LINK_CLI.exe -c HOTPLUG
ST-LINK SN: 213E03002C135737334D4E00
ST-LINK Firmware version: V2J38S7
Connected via SWD.
SWD Frequency = 4000K.
Target voltage = 3.2 V
Connection mode: **HotPlug**
Reset mode: Software reset
Device ID: 0x413 
Device flash Size: **1024 Kbytes**
Device family: **STM32F405xx/F407xx/F415xx/F417xx**
```
  连接后可以看到：连接后的MCU的 Flash Size、MCU的类型，以及MCU的ID等。
-SE：命令格式：-SE <开始sector> <结束sector>。擦除sector，每个sector 16K，地址从0x0800 0000开始，所以0表示第0个sector，0 4表示擦除从sector 0到sector 4。所以总的擦除大小就是16K*5=80K，具体的大小可根据bin的大小来定。
```
Memory Sector @0x08000000 erased
Memory Sector @0x08004000 erased
Memory Sector @0x08008000 erased
Memory Sector @0x0800C000 erased
Memory Sector @0x08010000 erased
笔者系列的STM32系列为405，Flash空间为1MB。
```
-V：该参数表示编程成功后进行校验是否正确写入，可跟参数：
- [ ] "after_programming"：表示编程后，再读取出来进行校验。
- [ ] "while_programming":表示编程中进行校验。
-P：命令格式：-P <bin文件路径> <写入地址>
还有其他的命令，

-CoreReg：读取MCU寄存器，

$ ST-LINK_CLI.exe -c HOTPLUG -Halt -CoreReg
STM32 ST-LINK CLI v3.6.0.0
STM32 ST-LINK Command Line Interface
ST-LINK SN: 213E03002C135737334D4E00
ST-LINK Firmware version: V2J38S7
Connected via SWD.
SWD Frequency = 4000K.
Target voltage = 3.2 V
Connection mode: HotPlug
Reset mode: Software reset
Device ID: 0x413 
Device flash Size: 1024 Kbytes
Device family: STM32F405xx/F407xx/F415xx/F417xx
R0   = 0x00000000
R1   = 0x00000001
R2   = 0x00000082
R3   = 0x20000094
R4   = 0x40013000
R5   = 0x00000007
R6   = 0x00000000
R7   = 0x00000000
R8   = 0x00000000
R9   = 0x00000000
R10  = 0x08009C60
R11  = 0x00000000
R12  = 0x00000000
R13  = 0x2001A510
R14  = 0x08003C1F
APSR = 0x60000000
IPSR = 0x00000000
EPSR = 0x01000000
MSP  = 0x2001A510
PSP  = 0x00000000
XPSR = 0x61000000
PC   = 0x08003C16

-Halt:停住CPU，但是笔者多次尝试，显示有日志，但是程序继续运行

$ ST-LINK_CLI.exe -c HOTPLUG -Halt
STM32 ST-LINK CLI v3.6.0.0
STM32 ST-LINK Command Line Interface
ST-LINK SN: 213E03002C135737334D4E00
ST-LINK Firmware version: V2J38S7
Connected via SWD.
SWD Frequency = 4000K.
Target voltage = 3.2 V
Connection mode: HotPlug
Reset mode: Software reset
Device ID: 0x413 
Device flash Size: 1024 Kbytes
Device family: STM32F405xx/F407xx/F415xx/F417xx

-r8：命令格式：-r8 <地址> <长度>

$ ST-LINK_CLI.exe -c HOTPLUG -r8 0x08000000  0x32
STM32 ST-LINK CLI v3.6.0.0
STM32 ST-LINK Command Line Interface
ST-LINK SN: 213E03002C135737334D4E00
ST-LINK Firmware version: V2J38S7
Connected via SWD.
SWD Frequency = 4000K.
Target voltage = 3.2 V
Connection mode: HotPlug
Reset mode: Software reset
Device ID: 0x413 
Device flash Size: 1024 Kbytes
Device family: STM32F405xx/F407xx/F415xx/F417xx
0x08000000 : 68  A5  01  20  1D  03  00  08  F9  2B  00  08  11  27  00  08
0x08000010 : 41  2B  00  08  B9  21  00  08  19  4D  00  08  00  00  00  00
0x08000020 : 00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  00  AF  3C  00  08 
0x08000030 : B5  23

-ME：全部擦除Flash。

版权声明：
作者：ZhangYixi
链接：http://zyixi.xyz/arm%e5%ad%a6%e4%b9%a0%ef%bc%8815%ef%bc%89makefile%e7%bc%96%e8%af%91%e4%bb%a5%e5%8f%8acortexm4%e5%91%bd%e4%bb%a4%e8%a1%8cstlink-%e7%83%a7%e5%bd%95/
来源：一西站点
文章版权归作者所有，未经允许请勿转载。

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ARM学习（15）Makefile编译以及CortexM4命令行STLINK 烧录

1、简单Makefile编译STM32工程

1.1 makefile 变量

1.2 makefile 关键字

1.3 makefile 自动推导

2、ST-Link命令行烧录

2.1 常见的界面烧录方式

2.1 STLink CLI 命令行烧录方式

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